Topic: Substantive Validation
WarPsychiatry !n9PP8q5SP. started this discussion 10 years ago #56,477
The most important sources of substantive validation for a soldier are the men who shared the battle with him. Foremost are his comrades in his primary group; if his squad mates approve of his behavior most soldiers can survive psychologically , though they may be embittered that the approval is not more general. There was a case in Panama in which a soldier accidentally killed one of this friends. He was devastated by the loss and horrified that he was the agent of his friend’s death. In addition, he was placed under arrest, interrogated by the criminal investigation authorities, and faced a court-martial. There were no sources of support from outside his squad. But his squad mates, though they had liked the dead man, still stuck up for him, insisted that it was an accident, and maintained their bonds with him. This support facilitates the psychological process described as “concurrence,” which helps the soldier see that he and his squad mates are alike and that he is not an isolate. Concurrence is essential to psychological survival. It illustrates the power of the primary group bond. If his squad mates reject him, a soldier is in a psychologically vulnerable situation. External sources of validation can provide some support, and it is essential that they be mobilized fully and quickly .Leaders who participated in the battle are usually the second most important source of substantive validation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKpQB3bEPbI
WarPsychiatry !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) double-posted this 10 years ago, 9 minutes later[^] [v] #728,118
The system of after-action reviews (AARs), that is standard procedure after any operation to bring out the military lessons to be learned, is also an important validation mechanism. Intended to enhance performance by a frank, mutual review of what everyone did, AARs serve to get the sources of guilt and shame out in the open. One soldier said: “I thought I had really blown it when Smitty got hit, but we went over it in the AAR and everybody said they would have done the same thing I did.” The AAR, is conducted routinely by the team leader.WarPsychiatry !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) triple-posted this 10 years ago, 1 minute later, 11 minutes after the original post[^] [v] #728,119
Substantive validation not only helps the soldier to manage his feelings and reenter the peacetime world with minimal psychological distress, but also strengthens the unit by reinforcing cohesion and exchanging information gained through combat ex- perience. The primary process of substantive valida- tion is talk—talk among peers, between leader and subordinate, and among the members of a squad or platoon. The talk can be formal or informal, it can be about military matters or about feelings. For it to be effective it has to be forthright and honest. It can only take place in a climate of trust.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGXCMOQ3Q5s
(Edited 49 seconds later.)
Nonverbal !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) quadruple-posted this 10 years ago, 37 minutes later, 49 minutes after the original post[^] [v] #728,128
this is military proof of rat park
WarPsychiatry !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) quintuple-posted this 10 years ago, 3 minutes later, 52 minutes after the original post[^] [v] #728,129
https://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/milmed/warpsychiatry.pdf
Some Credits:
1.Spaulding RC, Ford CV. The Pueblo incident: Psychological reactions to the stresses of imprisonment and
repatriation. In: Moos RH, ed. Human Adaptation: Coping With Life Crises. Lexington, Mass: DC Heath; 1976: 308–321.
2. Dimsdale JE. The coping behavior of Nazi concentration camp survivors. In: Dimsdale JE, ed. Survivors,
Victims, and Perpetrators. New York: Hemisphere; 1980: 163–174.
3. Green BL, Wilson JP, Lindy JD. Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder: A psychosocial framework. In: Figley CR, ed. Trauma and its Wake: Study and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. New York: Brunner/ Mazel; 1985: 53–72.
4. Simenauer E. Late psychic sequelae of man-made disasters. Int J Psychoanal. 1968;49:306–309.
5. Ursano RJ, Wheatley RD, Carlson EH, Rahe AJ. The prisoner of war: Stress, illness, and resiliency. Psychiatric
Annals. 1987;17:532–535.
6. Hunter EJ. The Vietnam POW veteran: Immediate and long-term effects of captivity. In: Figley CR, ed. Stress
Disorders Among Vietnam Veterans. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1978: 188–208.
7. Wheatley RD, Ursano RJ. Serial personality evaluations of repatriated U.S. Air Force Southeast Asia POWs.
Clin Med. 1982;53:251–257.
8. Benson JW, Bizzell DL, O’Connel PF. Immediate and delayed psychopathology in former prisoners of war.
Naval Aerospace Medical Institute. Unpublished manuscript; 1979.
9. Hunter EJ, Phelan JD. Resistance, captor treatment, and personality of the Vietnam prisoner of war. Naval POW Center. Unpublished manuscript; 1978.
10. Nardini JE. Survival factors in American prisoners of war of the Japanese. Am J Psychiatry. 1952;92:241–248.
11. Beebe GW. Follow-up studies of World War II and Korean War prisoners II: Morbidity, disability, and
maladjustments. Am J Epidemiol. 1975;101:400–422.
12. Cohen BM, Cooper MZ. A Follow-up Study of World War II Prisoners of War. Washington, DC: US Government
Printing Office; 1954. Veterans Administration Medical Monograph.
Some Credits:
1.Spaulding RC, Ford CV. The Pueblo incident: Psychological reactions to the stresses of imprisonment and
repatriation. In: Moos RH, ed. Human Adaptation: Coping With Life Crises. Lexington, Mass: DC Heath; 1976: 308–321.
2. Dimsdale JE. The coping behavior of Nazi concentration camp survivors. In: Dimsdale JE, ed. Survivors,
Victims, and Perpetrators. New York: Hemisphere; 1980: 163–174.
3. Green BL, Wilson JP, Lindy JD. Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder: A psychosocial framework. In: Figley CR, ed. Trauma and its Wake: Study and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. New York: Brunner/ Mazel; 1985: 53–72.
4. Simenauer E. Late psychic sequelae of man-made disasters. Int J Psychoanal. 1968;49:306–309.
5. Ursano RJ, Wheatley RD, Carlson EH, Rahe AJ. The prisoner of war: Stress, illness, and resiliency. Psychiatric
Annals. 1987;17:532–535.
6. Hunter EJ. The Vietnam POW veteran: Immediate and long-term effects of captivity. In: Figley CR, ed. Stress
Disorders Among Vietnam Veterans. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1978: 188–208.
7. Wheatley RD, Ursano RJ. Serial personality evaluations of repatriated U.S. Air Force Southeast Asia POWs.
Clin Med. 1982;53:251–257.
8. Benson JW, Bizzell DL, O’Connel PF. Immediate and delayed psychopathology in former prisoners of war.
Naval Aerospace Medical Institute. Unpublished manuscript; 1979.
9. Hunter EJ, Phelan JD. Resistance, captor treatment, and personality of the Vietnam prisoner of war. Naval POW Center. Unpublished manuscript; 1978.
10. Nardini JE. Survival factors in American prisoners of war of the Japanese. Am J Psychiatry. 1952;92:241–248.
11. Beebe GW. Follow-up studies of World War II and Korean War prisoners II: Morbidity, disability, and
maladjustments. Am J Epidemiol. 1975;101:400–422.
12. Cohen BM, Cooper MZ. A Follow-up Study of World War II Prisoners of War. Washington, DC: US Government
Printing Office; 1954. Veterans Administration Medical Monograph.
Semiotics !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) sextuple-posted this 10 years ago, 6 minutes later, 58 minutes after the original post[^] [v] #728,130
They call it Substantive Validation in Psychiatry. In psychology it is called the House Effect, as proved within drug addict rats in yet legendary experiment Rat Park.
WarPsychiatry !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) septuple-posted this 10 years ago, 35 minutes later, 1 hour after the original post[^] [v] #728,145
The importance of social interactions, social supports, group activities, and social isolation during captivity has been discussed. Social factors may be as important as environmental ones in determining coping ability during imprisonment and after return. Recovery from captivity includes the repatriation experience which requires adapting to changes in life directions, career, friendships, and sometimes marital status. These stressors are in addition to the need to psychologically integrate the POW experience into one’s life story.
As mentioned earlier, most former POWs read- just without clinically significant psychopathology . Some actually use the experience to move toward greater psychological health. Sledge et al104 identified a distinct group of Vietnam POWs who felt they had benefited from the experience. Those individuals who experienced the greatest stress during captivity were most likely to believe they gained psychologically from the experience. Thus, the subjective sense of having benefited from the experience of being a POW correlated positively with the harshness of the experience.
https://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/milmed/warpsychiatry.pdf
As mentioned earlier, most former POWs read- just without clinically significant psychopathology . Some actually use the experience to move toward greater psychological health. Sledge et al104 identified a distinct group of Vietnam POWs who felt they had benefited from the experience. Those individuals who experienced the greatest stress during captivity were most likely to believe they gained psychologically from the experience. Thus, the subjective sense of having benefited from the experience of being a POW correlated positively with the harshness of the experience.
https://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/milmed/warpsychiatry.pdf
WarPsychiatry !n9PP8q5SP. (OP) octuple-posted this 10 years ago, 11 minutes later, 1 hour after the original post[^] [v] #728,147
The first line of medical defense in wartime is the combat medic. Although in ancient times medics carried the caduceus into battle to signify the neutral, humanitarian nature of their tasks, they have never been immune to the perils of war. They have made the highest sacrifices to save the lives of others, and their dedication to the wounded soldier is the foundation of military medical care.